Deepening India’s Steps As a Key Space-Faring Nation. The Hindu Editorial Explanation 11th Decemeber 2024.

India has ambitious plans for its space program over the next two decades, with a focus on developing advanced reusable rockets like the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV). These rockets, designed by ISRO, will be capable of carrying heavier payloads and significantly reducing costs by being reusable.

Unlike traditional rockets that are used only once, reusable rockets can be used multiple times, making them more economical, though they may carry slightly less weight.

India’s space program has come a long way since its beginnings in the 1960s. Today, the country is preparing for major missions such as Gaganyaan, which aims to send Indian astronauts to space for the first time.

In the coming years, India also plans to build its own space station and send humans to the moon. Achieving these goals will require powerful rockets that can carry heavy equipment and meet high safety standards. The NGLV, currently in development, is expected to meet these needs, with a payload capacity three times that of ISRO’s current LVM3 rocket.

However, the NGLV will take around eight years to complete, and India’s need for heavy-lift rockets is already urgent. For instance, a recent moon mission required two LVM3 rockets to launch separate modules, which were later assembled in space.

Additionally, India had to rely on SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket to launch a heavy satellite because it exceeded the capacity of Indian rockets. SpaceX rockets, such as Falcon Heavy and Starship, have already achieved far greater payload capacities and reusability, making them more advanced and efficient.

To address these challenges, India could involve private companies in developing reusable heavy-lift rockets. The government can encourage private participation by awarding contracts and offering incentives.

Collaborations with foreign partners or the purchase of commercial engines could further accelerate progress. A milestone-based funding system, where companies are paid as they achieve specific targets, would ensure efficiency and cost control.

This approach could lead to the development of multiple rockets alongside the NGLV, providing more flexibility and reliability for future launches.

In the long term, India’s success in space depends on a robust and reliable system for launching rockets.

A combination of government projects like the NGLV and contributions from private industry can help India achieve its space goals, including moon and Mars exploration, building a space station, and using space technology for development on Earth.

By fostering innovation and collaboration, India can strengthen its position as a global leader in space exploration.

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